Reactions

Swarts reaction

Conversion: alkyl chloride & alkyl bromide ➔ alkyl fluoride

Catalyst(s):

\ce { SbF3 or HF }

Significance(s): the only way to make alkyl fluorides (in ncert) without diazonium salts.

Description:

Wurtz-Fittig reaction

Conversion: alkyl halide & aryl halide ➔ hydrocarbon

Catalyst(s):

\ce { Na in ether }

Significance(s): this reaction can be used to make larger hydrocarbons.

Description:

Gatterman-Koch reaction

Conversion: benzene & CO & HCl ➔ benzaldehyde

Catalyst(s):

\ce { AlCl3/CuCl }

Significance(s): it is used for the industrial preparation of benzaldehyde

Description: This reaction is not applicable to phenol and ether substrated (wikipedia).

Friedel-Craft's acylation

Conversion: alkane & arene ➔ ketone

Catalyst(s):

\ce { AlCl3 }

Significance(s):

Description: This reaction follows the electrophilic aromatic substitution mechanism, the electrophile is the acy

Electrophilic substitution

Conversion: benzene or arene & electrophile ➔ aryl compound

Catalyst(s):

\ce { H2SO4 (protonator) }

Significance(s): it shows how protonation can provide otherwise hard to obtain compounds.

Description: This reaction was from a question (dated 17/12/2024), source: discord.